Biology

Metabolism Defined Icon

Amino Acid Metabolic Routes Chart

Amino Acid Metabolic Routes Amino Acid Metabolic Routes Chart Last Update: November 4, 2024 Picture Amino Acid Metabolic Routes  Picture_Amino Acid Molecular Structure Picture Amino Acids 22 Proteinogenic 9 Essential   Note: The following text (in quotations below) was generated with Google Gemini: Amino Acids Defined “Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. They are […]

Amino Acid Metabolic Routes Chart Read More »

Metabolism Defined Icon

Fructose Metabolism Chart

Fructose Metabolic Pathway Fructose Metabolism Chart Last Update: November 3, 2024 Picture Fructose Metabolic Routes  Note: The following text (in quotations below) was generated with Google Gemini: “Fructose_a simple sugar, enters the glycolysis pathway through a unique route that differs from glucose. It is first phosphorylated by fructokinase to fructose-1-phosphate (F1P). Unlike glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), fructose-1-phosphate

Fructose Metabolism Chart Read More »

Metabolism Defined Icon

Central Metabolism – Metabolic Routes Chart

Metabolic Routes In the Fed and Fasting States Chart of Metabolic Routes from Central Metabolism Hub Last Update: November 3, 2024 Picture_Metabolic Routes from Central Metabolism Hub (Fed State and Fasting State)     Cellular Respiration can be seen as a core metabolic hub, connecting various catabolic and anabolic pathways.  For this reason, it’s sometimes

Central Metabolism – Metabolic Routes Chart Read More »

Cellular Respiration Icon Picture

Cellular Respiration Simplified Flow Charts

Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration Simplified Flow Charts Last Update: November 2, 2024 The charts below show the Cellular_Respiration reaction pathway starting with Glucose. Version 1 Chart is a simple template  Version 2 Chart shows the cell locations of the reactions and the 2:1 molar relationship between Pyruvate and Glucose.  Cellular_Respiration can be seen as a

Cellular Respiration Simplified Flow Charts Read More »

Cellular Respiration Icon Picture

Glycolysis Reactions Flow Charts

Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis Reaction Pathways Last Update: November 2, 2024 The charts below show the Cellular Respiration reaction pathway with a focus on Glycolysis (the break down of Glucose) and Gluconeogenesis.  Gluconeogenesis is the formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources like lactate, glycerol, and glucogenic amino acids (but not from Fatty Acids.)

Glycolysis Reactions Flow Charts Read More »

ATP Structure

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

Menu (linked Index) ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) Last Update: October 26, 2024 Introduction ATP Structure ATP Hydrolysis/Phosphorylation Conclusion Introduction Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) is the “energy currency” of the cell because it contains the energy needed to fuel cellular processes.  This post describes the structure of Adenosene Triphosphate (ATP) as well its hydrolysis by water.  Return to

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) Read More »

Generic Macromolecule Symbol

Macro Molecules, Minerals, and Vitamins – A Primer

Menu (linked Index) Macro Molecules, Minerals, and Vitamins – A Primer.  Last Update: October 27, 2024  Introduction Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids Vitamins and Minerals Introduction This article will give you a high level introduction to Macro Molecules as well as Vitamins and Minerals.  Macro Molecules are large (macro) molecules composed of many atoms. Be

Macro Molecules, Minerals, and Vitamins – A Primer Read More »

Metabolism Defined Icon

Metabolism Defined

Menu (linked Index) Metabolism Defined Last Update: October 26, 2024 Introduction Metabolism Defined Big Picture (Catabolism,Respiration,Anabolism) Conclusion Introduction Metabolism involves the bodily chemical reactions that sustain life. In this post we’ll define human Metabolism in the context of the breaking down of nutrients (Catabolism), energy production (Cellular Respiration), and molecule building (Anabolism).  I’d recommend that

Metabolism Defined Read More »

Enzyme Primer

Menu (linked Index) Enzyme Primer Last Update: October 25, 2024  Introduction Activation Energy Reaction Coordinate Diagram Arrhenius Equation and Maxwell Boltzmann Distribution Enzymes Conclusion Enzyme Reference Material Introduction Biological enzymes accelerate and enable biochemical reactions to occur at physiologically required rates. In this post: We’ll explore the concept of Activation Energy and how enzymes reduce it.

Enzyme Primer Read More »