Menu (linked Index) Sunlight on Earth – Black Nights, Blue Days Last Update: October13, 2026 Introduction Energy from The Sun Solar Radiation Attenuation Solar Radiation Spectrum at Earth Radian and Steradian Defined Projection of Scattered Sunlight on a Sphere Enveloping a Scattering Molecule Differential and Total Scattering Cross Section Number Density – Molecules as Equivalent
Menu (linked Index) AC Circuit Basics: i-v Relationships, Impedance, Admittance, and Power Last Update: January 14, 2026 Introduction Pure Resistor AC Circuit Pure Inductor AC Circuit Pure Capacitor AC Circuit Pure Inductor and Capacitor Impedance – Frequency Domain Analysis Summary: Pure Element AC Circuits Phasor Basics Series RLC AC Circuits (Voltage → Impedance → Power
AC Circuits: I-V Relationships, Impedance, Admittance, and Power Read More »
Menu (linked Index) Sine and Cosine – Definitions and Properties Last Update: December 23, 2025 Introduction History Etymology Unit Circle Trigonometry Sine and Cosine Wave From the Unit Circle Sinusoid Waveform General Characteristics Circular Motion Parameters Phase Angle Expression Using Rotational Kinematics General Equations for Instantaneous AC Voltage and Current Voltage and Current Waveform Characteristics
Menu (linked Index) AC Voltage and Current Equations Last Update: November 29, 2025 Introduction Faraday’s Law and Magnetic Flux Derivation Model: Rotating Coil in a Magnetic Field Voltage Equation Derivation Current Equation Derivation Summary Introduction A three-phase power generator creates electricity by rotating a powerful magnet (the rotor) inside a stationary frame containing three separate
Menu (linked Index) Fourier Series and Transforms Last Update: November 22, 2025 Introduction Fourier Series Trigonometric form Fourier Series First Term Fourier Series Coefficient for Cosine Terms Fourier Series Coefficient for Sine Terms Fourier Series – Complex Exponential Form Fourier Transform Difference between Fourier Series and Transform Appendix 1 – Integrals of sin(mt)dt and cos(mt)dt
Menu (linked Index) Rotational Motion Variables Last Update: October 28, 2025 Introduction Angle Displacement and Radian Definition Angular Velocity ω Angular Acceleration α Rotational Motion Vectors Kinematic Equations (Linear, Rotational) Polar vs Axial Vectors Introduction This post addresses rotational (circular) motion and the key variables describing it. We are probably familiar with linear movement described
Menu (linked Index) RMS (Root Mean Square) of a Sinusoid Last Update: July 22, 2026 Introduction Approximate RMS of a Sinusoidal Curve RMS Equation: Continuous Form RMS for Current Derived from the Continuous RMS Equation Introduction In this post I’m going to show two ways to compute the Root Mean Square (RMS) of a set
Menu (linked Index) Sum and Difference Angle Formula Proofs Last Update: October 7,2025 Introduction Right Triangle Trig Functions Two Right Triangles Define the Sides Sin and Cos Angle Sum Formulas Sin and Cos Angle Difference Formulas Tan Angle Formulas Summary of Sin, Cos, Tan Angle Formulas Introduction In this post, I derive the sine, cosine,
Menu (linked Index) Field Operators: Grad, Div, and Curl Last Update: August 18, 2025 Introduction Definitions Graphing a Vector Field Differentiation Basics The Gradient Operator Divergence Operator The Laplacian Direction of Axis of Rotation The Curl Operator Excellent Educational Video References Appendix 1: Uses of the Derivative Introduction This post is about three fundamental operators
Menu (linked Index) The Derivative Last Update: October 18, 2025 Introduction The Derivative Derivative Rules Derivatives of Some Useful Functions Ordinary Derivative Velocity and Acceleration As Derivatives Partial Derivative Introduction This article is a high level introduction to the mathematical tool called differentiation. At its core, differentiation is the process of finding the instantaneous rate
