Menu (linked Index) Lens Equations Last Update: October 21, 2024 Introduction Symmetrical Concave and Convex Lens Using Ray Diagrams to Determine the Lens Equations Lens Magnification Equation Thin Lens Equation Curved Surface Refraction Equation Derivation Lens Maker’s Equation Introduction In this post we’ll derive the following key lens equations: The Lens Magnification Equation The Thin […]
Introduction Snell’s Law (Law of Refraction) Example Last Update: October 20, 2024 This post provides an example of how to compute refracted light angles using Snell’s Law. Refer to my post Refractive Geometric Optics for more on Snell’s Law. Also, Find more links related to my eye research here: Understand Your Eyes. Return to Menu Snell’s
Introduction Light Refraction Tank Analogy Last Update: October 20,2024 This post provides a useful analogy for the bending and slowing of light rays when light is refracted from a lower refractive medium (e.g. air) to a higher refractive medium (e.g. glass or water). Also see my posts: Snell’s Law. Refractive Geometric Optics and Understand Your
Menu (linked Index) Wave Superposition Last Update: October 20, 2024 Introduction Electromagnetic Wave Superposition Why Light Slows Down Introduction Electromagnetic waves produced by different sources will combine in a process called superposition. In this post, we’ll describe basic wave superposition and why light slows down when entering a medium with a higher refractive index. Also
Menu (linked Index) Vision Correction Last Update: Feb 5, 2025 Introduction Anatomy of the Eye Near Sightedness and Far Sightedness A Normal Eye with Perfect Vision Far Sightedness and Its Correction Presbyopia Near Sightedness and its Correction Astigmatism Eye Glass / Contact Prescription Refractive Vision Error Corrective Procedures for Near Sightedness, Far Sightedness, Presbyopia, and
Menu (linked Index) Cataract Surgery : From Darkness, Light Last Update: February 9, 2025 Introduction What are Cataracts? Couching for Cataracts History of Cataract Surgical Procedures Characteristics of a Modern Cataract Surgery Pre-Cataract Surgery Homework A Modern Cataract Procedure Conclusion Also refer to my post: Understand Your Eyes where you can link to other eye and optics
Menu (linked Index) Cataract Tabulated History Last Update: January 21, 2025 Introduction Cataract Historical Timeline Cataract References Introduction In this post I’ve created a (roughly) chronological tabulated history of cataract procedures and surgery developments through the ages. The first table is the historical listing, including a reference source number. The second table provided can then
Menu (linked Index) Geometry and Trigonometry Rules Last Update: November 8, 2025 Introduction Area and Volume Equations for Basic Shapes Similar Triangles Exterior and Interior Angles of Triangles Law of Cosines and Sines Right Triangle Trigonometric Functions Pythagorean Trigonometric Identities Sum and Difference Angle Formulas Product-to-Sum Formulas Even-Odd Identities (Identities for Negative Angles) Some Useful
Exploring Euler’s Formula Exploring Euler’s Formula Last Update: December 18, 2024 Euler’s Identity It all started for me when I came across the formula below. It’s called Euler’s Identity. If you are a mathematician, you are getting pretty excited right now just seeing this equation. Kind of like a sportscaster’s reaction when you talk about
Menu (linked Index) Unit Circle and Definitions of Radian and π Last Update: October 16, 2025 Introduction Properties of a Circle The Unit Circle and The Radian Conclusion Introduction In this post we’ll review some of the important mathematical formulas and properties derived from the circle. You probably know that the constant pi = π
